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Who's Into Intelligent Design?

Here are the academic credentials of some of the prominent scientific supporters of Intelligent Design I've encountered:

Michael Behe - Chemistry (BS), Biochemistry (PhD, Professor)
David Berlinski - Philosophy (PhD), Mathematics (post-PhD), Molecular Biology (PhD)
William Demski - Psychology (BA), Statistics (MS), Mathematics (PhD, post-), History and Philosophy of Science (post-PhD), MDiv
Steve Fuller - History (BS), History and Philosophy of Science (MS, PhD), Sociology (BS, Department Chair)
Donald Johnson - Chemistry (PhD), Computer Science and Information Sciences (PhD)
Rebecca Keller - Biophysical Chemistry (PhD)
Dean Kenyon - Physics (BS), Biophysics (PhD), Chemical Biodynamics (post-PhD)
Stephen Meyer - Physics (BS), Geology (BS), Philosophy (PhD)
Bradley Monton (sympathetic) - Physics (BS), Philosophy (PhD)
Jeffrey Schwartz - Philosphy (BS), Neuroscience & Psychiatry (MD)
Jonathan Wells - Religious Studies (PhD), Molecular and Cell Biology (PhD)

And now let's compare with the credentials of some of the most vocal scientific opponents of Intelligent Design that I can think of (let me know if I've missed anyone, or one of their significant degrees):

Richard Dawkins - Zoology (MA, DPhil)
Daniel Dennett - Philosophy (BA, DPhil)
Barbara Forrest - English (BA), Philosophy (MA, PhD)
PZ Meyers - Zoology (BS), Evolutionary Developmental Biology (PhD)
Kenneth Miller - Biology (BS, PhD)
Robert Pennock - History and Philosophy of Science (PhD)
Victor Stenger - Electrical Engineering (BS), Physics (MS, PhD), Philosophy (Professor)

Noticing anything?

Long before I encountered this debate, I was taken by Richard Feynman's adage that there were only two branches of science - Physics, and Stamp Collecting. In other words, scientists either do lots of hard math with predictable results (Physics, Chemistry) or they tend to collect, enumerate, and describe things (Zoology, Sociology, Anthropology, much Biology).

I used to assume that vocal evolutionary atheists like Richard Dawkins, PZ Myers, and Daniel Dennett were heavy hitters, academically. But no, I recently discovered, Dawkins and Myers are just Zoologists, and Dennett's a philosopher with no hard science background.

In contrast, I'm being blown away by some of the credentials (and more importantly, lucidity) of those advocating ID. For example, David Berlinski, who appeared in Expelled, is off the charts: Mathematics and Molecular Biology? A research fellow at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis? Wow, that's some seriously hard stuff. (Systems Science and Mathematics was known as the hardest engineering degree when I was in school.) And most those which have Philosophy degrees are actually Philosophy of History of Science (I didn't always write that out), and many have serious backing and overlap with hard sciences (e.g. Physics).

So it seems most the prominent scientific IDers tend to fall closer to Physics, and most the outspoken anti-ID scientists tend to fall closer to stamp collecting. But most people aren't aware of this. They've been told, mostly, that prominent IDers have bad motives (the "Wedge Document") (as if Dawkins and Dennett have no ulterior religious motives of their own, and as if motives invalidated arguments), that ID proponents know almost nothing of science, that don't do science, etc. From what I've seen, nothing could be further from the truth.

Comments

Greetings, "bobxxxx". One of the rules you agreed to when posting was to avoid ad hominem fallacies -- that is, making an argument by saying nothing more than "you're an idiot!" But I'm going to let your comment stand as a as a testament to how irrational certain people become when you poke at their sacred cows. :-)


Do you know of any scientist who doubts the facts of evolution who has contributed anything important to biology?

1. ID people don't dispute "the facts" of evolution as much as the unproven bits. (For example, evolution has nothing to say about the genesis of life.) And while a few ID proponents focus on evolution (Behe, for example) others focus on the genesis of life, cosmology and the characteristics of the universe, mind-brain interaction, etc.

2. Look at each name on the pro-ID list with a biology-related PhD -- each has written a doctoral dissertation which extended the mainstream body of knowledge in biology. Many have done postdoctoral research as well.

In contrast, look at Dawkins. A zoology degree? He's certainly a popularizer who writes about the discoveries of others, but where's his own hardcore biological research? Odd that you wouldn't apply your own litmus test to the people you'd trust most.


Do any of your pro-magic fake scientists not work for the Dishonesty Institute or some Bible college?

Aren't you an expert in this sort of thing? You should know already, right? Behe is a professor at Lehigh University (35th best national university according to US News rankings, 2009), Bradley Monton is an associate professor at University of Colorado, Boulder. David Berlinski taught mathematics at the University of Paris, and was a research fellow at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) in Austria and the Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques (IHES) in France. Jeffrey Schwartz is a groundbreaking researcher in neuroplasticity and the treatment of OCD, neurology at UCLA School of Medicine, and has authored about 100 scientific publications on the subject.

These are not, last I checked, "bible colleges." (Berlinski and Monton don't even believe in God.)

I'm sure most of them are affiliated with the Discovery Institute, in some fashion. So? All that means is what I said already: they're either sympathetic to, or directly supportive of ID.

If you seriously think "wow, they're affiliated with an organization I don't like!" passes as proof they're wrong, you're only demonstrating you can't spot a logical fallacy when it's clinging to your face, trying to implant its eggs in your abdomen.


How about the entire scientific community, especially every competent biologist in the world.

Where "competence" is undoubtedly defined as "agrees with bobxxxx about ID". Now you're trotting out the "no true Scotsman" fallacy. Nobody who is disagrees with you is competent, because competence is defined as agreeing with you. (Never mind the circular reasoning! :-))


Look it Mr. Idiot, scientists don't invoke magic...

Are you kidding? Physicists have no idea how half the stuff they're describing came about (or how it works). Even those who came up with the idea for a "multiverse" don't bother coming up with physical descriptions of how it came to be. Asking someone to believe "The universe (or multiverse) appeared out of nothing" sounds pretty 'magical' to me.

Second, IDers, at least those I've listened to, don't claim to be proving "God" is the intelligent designer. All they're asserting is that science should be able to distinguish signs of intelligence (would you say it can't?). Although many of them are theists (as are many of their opponents) they say the identity of the designer is not something they say they can answer directly.

(Francis Crick (discoverer of the DNA structure), for example, argued that life arose on earth though the actions of intelligent aliens ("Directed Panspermia"). Well, if you're saying you believe that, you're saying you believe that an intelligence put DNA on earth. This is not an uncommon theory in the world of biology: Leslie Orgel, for example, who helped model DNA also agrees with Crick. Even Richard Dawkins said he believes such a conjecture is valid.)

Third, either science can answer questions about whether "magic" happened, or it can't. If it can't, then your own opinions on magic not occurring are exactly as unscientific as those you oppose. On the other hand, if science does have some criteria by which "magic" could be detected (or refuted), then how are you so sure it's never been detected? People are pointing to some pretty good arguments, it seems to me. You have better answers?

For example, note that multiverse theory was proposed (largely by atheists, mind you) as an answer to what they saw as the appearance of fine tuning. Are you saying they were wrong?


Also, calling magic "intelligent design" doesn't make that idea any less childish.

If what you're trying to do is categorize and detect signs of intelligence, "intelligent design" seems like a reasonable description.

(This from someone who apparently thinks name-calling is a devastating form of argument. :-))

Love to see if you'd dare to answer.

Posted by: Tim (Random Observations) on July 19, 2009 05:31 PM

Julianne, that's fine but

1. A theory / argument's popularity is not an indication of its accuracy. That would an Appeal to Numbers, a logical fallacy.

2. That doesn't address the primary point of Tim's post; that many of the primary antagonists of ID are not PhDs in the hard sciences. Does this survey mention how many of these PhDs are Zoologists, or Philosophers, or Engineers, or any of these other "stamp collector" branches of science, as Tim called them? If not, it doesn't make a very strong point against his premise.

Posted by: Troy on July 23, 2009 03:31 AM

Oh, I'm not saying there are no ID critics who do hard science work. In fact, I'd completely agree with those who tend to imply that if you do a survey of those doing research, even in the areas in question, probably most would say they disagree with ID.

Good heavens, I'm on record as previously disagreeing with ID. I'm just trying to learn more about it, and keep an open mind.

That said, I sometimes suspect, like me, even those researchers haven't understood what the IDers are actually saying, haven't asked the harder questions, and, in some cases, may have a pre-existing metaphysical commitment to defend. (In short, that much of the accusations of inserting beliefs into science are projection. There's quite of bit of data supporting the content that most scientists are atheists, and were before they chose science as a career, rather than vise-versa. But that's a separate argument.)

My point is more, as some have correctly said, that if we look at the more vocal types, who have emerged from the scientific community, it is primarily those who have done some of the hardest thinking who end up supporting ID. In contrast, the vocal types who are most ardently anti-ID end tend to be a bit, shall we say, fluffy.

Perhaps I'm making a mistake by listening to those from both sides, but on the podcasts I've been hearing from Discovery, the story I keep hearing, over and over, is from people who were doing hardcore research into issues of biology and physics, were confronted with what they felt to be evidence for design, and then changed their minds on the issue.

In short, that the devil (in Screwtape's sense, here, I think) seems to lurk in the details: Most the materialists are engaging in what seem to be hand-waving explanations: "Well, perhaps there are other ways this could have happened. Well, perhaps you haven't included all possible forms which could have resulted in life. Well, perhaps there are innumerable other universes which render these arguments from probability stupid..." — while their opponents seem to be trying to take the issue very seriously, and not conflate a desire to see their view prevail with the outcome. "Well, I used to be a neo-Darwinist atheist, but then I started doing research..."

For example, Dr. Rebecca Keller, who has a PhD in biophysical chemistry, and who has done research in neuroscience and cell biology:

During my undergraduate career I mainly studied chemistry and I was a believer in the Darwinian view of how life got started because that was the only thing I was taught.

When I got to graduate school and I began working on transcription machinery, it really kind of started to settle in: how did these molecular machines, and this really sophisticated network of machines function? And how did they get there? And there were just a lot of gaps in the Darwinian explanation for how a molecular machine would have been produced via random chance and mutation? .... Nobody could tell me what a Darwinian mechanism would be for these machines... that was one of the things I began to question.

One may agree or disagree, but my point is that it was exposure to the evidence, the details, the machinery, and asking serious questions about it, convinced her to become an advocate of ID — not some "bible college." (To the contrary, she was swimming against the environment to draw such conclusions, and likely incurring some professional risk.)

Likewise, it was atheist cosmologist's Fred Hoyle's research into similar subjects which convinced him, also, that there was evidence that life could not have arisen by chance. And the same is true of Anthony Flew (who use to be arguably the world's most prominent atheist, but now apparently was never significant at all), Dean Kenyon (who formerly published a book entitled, and arguing for, "Biochemical Predestination"). (And, I suspect, many who must remain quiet if they wish to keep their employment.) It seems to be the evidence, rightly or wrongly, which convinced ID advocates to change their mind.

In contrast, guys like Dawkins are giving hand-waving responses: "Ah, well, it just looks designed!" Ah, well, perhaps it does, but if Dembski's "specified complexity" isn't, allegedly, a rigorous enough measure of "designedness", then what the heck is Dawkins' hand waving? He and Dennet strike me as struggling against evidence: "Yes, it looks like design... Yes, religion seems to be beneficial, but..." ... and then offer a series of unsubstantiated speculations and "might be" stories. Nothing wrong with that, but it's not exactly the epitome of scientific rigor.

Again, that doesn't make them wrong (sometimes the "obvious" view is indeed wrong), but it certainly doesn't lead to this cartoonish view espoused by people like "bobxxxx", where everyone who disagrees with them are "idiots" who are convinced because they were taught ID in a "bible college" (never mind that seminaries are more often theologically liberal), affiliated with the "Dishonesty Institute", and using blatant lies to cram their theology down other people's throats.

All to usher in the new American Taliban, surely.

Posted by: Tim (Random Observations) on July 24, 2009 08:23 AM

This strikes me as an odd argument. Not only is there the appeal to numbers, but, there is the implicit appeal to authority without substantial warrant; Feynman not providing any warrant whatsoever.

When the ID researchers present evidence and positive scientific demonstration of a truth claim about the agency of a designer working at the level of biology or organic chemistry, then, obviously, their research program will revolutionize biology.

It is revealing that--as far as I know--ID researchers are not working on the central thesis of their offshoot discipline. Short of this, one would hope ID research might land a valuable paper in a mainstream journal.

Alas, the current standing of ID is that, even if you disregard the jaw-dropping tautological feature of all the research presented so far, a close reader is still left with the fact that every such paper gets published and is quickly debunked by outside experts.

Not a single such paper has been left standing.

In light of that, the appeal to a specific kind of credential found in a sample, itself given by a selection bias, (that the members of said sample are well-known,) is, to me, a very odd approach, is not nutritious, and is mildly startling--considering that the overwhelming majority of biologists aren't working to discover the hand of the designer in biological evolution.

Of course, that such a majority exists doesn't prove anything either, but the divide between great and tiny numbers of researchers is an aspect of the context for the above argument, one that violates two principles of logical argumentation.

Posted by: Dr Puck on July 24, 2009 09:21 AM

Dr Puck! Even though I'm about to disagree with you, I sincerely thank you for your comments and input!


Not only is there the appeal to numbers, but, there is the implicit appeal to authority without substantial warrant...

I think you're misreading the post. I didn't say, at any point: "Intelligent design must be true because their people have more hard-science PhDs", or anything of the sort. I personally think most such arguments are fallacious: an argument stands or falls on its own merits.

But I found this an important point to make because ID critics seem to use such fallacious reasoning all the time. (For example, both the critics who have responded here.) And, in addition, typically woefully represent where ID proponents are coming from.


When the ID researchers present evidence and positive scientific demonstration of a truth claim about the agency of a designer working at the level of biology or organic chemistry, then, obviously, their research program will revolutionize biology.

Oh, don't be silly. Nothing of the sort should be expected.

First, presenting and proving something true makes no difference at all in a non-receptive environment. The Chinese invented the compass — and used it for divination. The Romans invented the steam engine — and viewed as a mere toy. A physician demonstrated for decades that stomach ulcers are caused by bacteria, not spicy foods, stress, etc. To precisely zero effect among his peers who should have been, by all expectations, keenly interested in an effective cure.

This is the whole point of Thomas Kuhn's work on the structure of scientific revolutions: New ideas don't take hold when they're "proven", but more when the old guard who's closed to the new ideas dies off.

Second, IDers largely have a negative criticism. If I point out that "anthropogenic global warming" is wrong, and provide evidence to that effect, assuming such were even believed, we wouldn't expect such to "revolutionize" the field of meteorology. Finding out you're wrong on some point is, at best, a single step in the right direction — it's not a magic panacea which instantly turns the world around.


It is revealing that--as far as I know--ID researchers are not working on the central thesis of their offshoot discipline.

One could certainly argue that ID proponents do pursue research on detecting design, or research which furthers ID arguments. For example, astronomer Guillermo Gonzalez has contributed to a better understanding of the conditions necessary for the formation of life on earth ("the Goldilocks Zone"). His work is listed here, along with, purportedly, many other such projects.

Moreover, much of the evidence which is cited as supporting ID is turned up by non-ID researchers, so it's not clear they even need to do said work. Analogously, Einstein wasn't attempting to prove the universe had a beginning — but his work certainly did. Is it "revealing" that those who argued, prior to Einstein, that the universe had a beginning didn't do further "research" to show that? How much new research was needed to point to entropy, which already existed, and which materialist scientists had been largely ignoring as a cosmological evidence of a beginning?


... if you disregard the jaw-dropping tautological feature of all the research presented so far...

I'd love to hear more of these "jaw-dropping" tautological features of "all" the (wasn't that allegedly non-existent?) "research presented so far." Some of what I've seen looks sound.

(Again, as an example, I keep mentioning multiverse theory, which was created, as I understand it, by a group of atheists who felt that evidence for fine-tuning presented a genuine problem. Were they wrong? If that argument is so obviously wrong, why is everyone ducking the question?)


... a close reader is still left with the fact that every such paper gets published and is quickly debunked by outside experts.

Well, I'm aware that many of their papers were responded to by critics. But, in many of the cases I've examine so far, the "debunkings" seem far less credible, often rife with straw men, leaps of logic and imagination, and apparent factual errors.

For example, in the comments here, I point out major problems with Kenneth Miller's response to Behe's argument about the flagellum. Copious polemic maneuvers aside, Miller isn't even addressing the question at hand. I believe I'm seeing something similar regarding many other "rebutted" arguments: the fine-tuning problem, the improbability of forming life, etc.

I'm entirely open to evidence to the contrary, BTW.


Posted by: Tim (Random Observations) on July 25, 2009 02:37 AM

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